Oranges, lemons, grapefruits, and other citrus fruits are acidic and can trigger heartburn in some individuals.
Tomatoes and tomato-based products, such as tomato sauce, salsa, and ketchup, are acidic and can lead to heartburn for some people.
Foods seasoned with spices like chili powder, black pepper, garlic, and hot peppers can irritate the esophagus and lead to heartburn.
Chocolate contains compounds that may relax the lower esophageal sphincter, allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus and cause heartburn.
Caffeine relaxes the esophageal sphincter, potentially leading to acid reflux. This includes coffee, tea, energy drinks, and certain sodas.
High-fat foods like fried foods, full-fat dairy products, fatty meats, and creamy sauces can slow digestion, increasing the risk of heartburn.
Mint-flavored products, including peppermint tea, candies, and chewing gum, may relax the lower esophageal sphincter and contribute to heartburn.
Alcoholic beverages, especially wine, beer, and spirits, can trigger heartburn by relaxing the esophageal sphincter and increasing stomach acid production.